Case Study 1 (10%)

CASE STUDY 1  JUNE 2011

At a manufacturing facility, injury and absenteeism rates were high, housekeeping was poor, and employee-management trust levels were low. The company was on the verge of closing the facility. As a last resort, a new management team was installed. The new team wanted to show employees they cared about safety, but were not sure on the leadership behaviors that would create the desired impact.

Develop a solution, step to be taken to overcome the injury and absenteeism rates, the poor housekeeping and to handle the trust level.

You may use a suitable solution based on the lecture notes and presentation OR any other alternative.

OSH Case Study

What is case study?

Case studies are real examples which show the steps that have been taken to solve health and safety (OSH) problems. They may also be examples of campaigns or other activities that have taken place to promote OSH and help solve problems at workplaces.  They are published to illustrate that action can be taken, and that solutions do exist to many OSH challenges and that these solutions may be transferable to other workplaces.

Risk Assesment and Risk Control

Actions & Recommendations
  

EL-          Eliminate

SL-          Substitute

IS-           Isolation

EC-         Engineering Control

AC -        Administration Control

PPE-     Personal Protection Equipment

Example of OSH quiz

AW101 OCCUPATIONAL  SAFETY AND HEALTH

QUIZ 3 December 2010

NAME:……………………………………………………………………………..  REG.NUMBER:…………………………… CLASS:………………………               Total : 15Marks

Section 1. First Aid

1. The aims of first aid are to:

a)   Preserve life

b)   …………………………………………….

C)   …………………………………………….

d)    …………………………………………….                                                        (3marks)

Section 2. Fundamental of accident causes

2. There are:

a) Unsafe…………………………..

b) Unsafe…………………………..

                                                                                                         (2marks)

Section 3. Accident

3.   State FIVE theories of accident causation:

a)   ………………………

b)   ………………………

c)   ………………………

d)   ......................

e)   ……………………….                                                                      (5Marks)

Section 4.  Accident.

4.    Give one example accident type regarding to the  work injuries.

a)   …………………………………………………                                             (1Marks)

Section 5. Hazards

5.   List Four type of Occupational and Safety Hazards.

a)………………………………….

b)………………………………….

c)………………………………….

d)…………………………………                                                             (4marks)

Example of OSH Quiz

AW101 OCCUPATIONAL  SAFETY AND HEALTH

QUIZ 2 December 2010

NAME:……………………………………………………………………………..  REG.NUMBER:…………………………… CLASS:………………………               Total : 15Marks

Section 1. Ergonomics.

1.   Define ergonomic:

...........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................     3Marks

Section 2. Ergonomics related injury.

Define the terms below:

RSIs:...........................................................................................................

RMIs:.............................................................................................  4Marks

2.   State two benefits of an ergonomics program:

a)   …………………………………………………………………………………………………….

b)   ………………………………………………………………………… …………………………. 4Marks

Section 3. Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)

3.   State two example of PPE’s.

a)   ………………………………………………………………

b)   ………………………………………………………………                                     2Marks

Section 4. Correct the environment:  

4.   State two steps how to correct the work enviroment

a)   …………………………………………………….

b)   …………………………………………………….                            2Marks             

Example of OSH Quiz

AW101 OCCUPATIONAL  SAFETY AND HEALTH

QUIZ 1 DECEMBER 2010

NAME:……………………………………………………………………………..  REG.NUMBER:…………………………… CLASS:………………………               Total : 15Marks

Section 1. Duties of Employers.

1.   The law requires employers to provide and maintain:

a)................................................

b)................................................

c).................................................                                              3Marks

Section 2. Safety Terminology

2.   State FOUR term of safety terminologies:

a)…………………..

b)…………………..

c)…………………..

d)…………………..                                                     4Marks

Section 3. SAFETY TRAINING NEEDS.

3.   State THREE :

a)………………….

b)………………….

c)…………………..                                                               3Marks

Section 4. Safety and Health Committee     

4.   Every employer shall establish a safety and health committee at the place of work. Under what Regulation and Section?

a)…………………………………………….                                   1Mark

Section5.Safety and Health Committee

5.   A safety and health committee must consist of …………………..,

…………………………, representatives of ……………….. and representatives of ……………………...                                                               4Marks

Risk Control

® Risk reduction

®When risk reduction is required, risk control activities shall be performed.

® Risk control option analysis

®The manufacturer shall identify risk control measure(s) that are appropriate for reducing the risk(s) to an acceptable level.

How To Assess Risk

     1) Look for the Hazards

     2) Decide who might be harmed & how

     3) Evaluate the risk and check what is 

         done to prevent it from happening

     4) Record finding

     5) Review assessment and revise it if necessary

HAZARDS

TYPES OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS

A.      Physical

B.      Chemical

C.      Biological

D.      Mechanical

E.     Psychosocial 

Fundamental Accident Causes

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Conditions

Both

“Not necessarily a ‘chance’ event”

What Is An Incident?

An unplanned and unwanted event which disrupts the work process and has the potential of resulting in injury, harm, or damage to persons or property.

An incident may disrupt the work process, but does not result in injury or damage. It should be looked as a “wake up call”.  It can be thought of as the first of a series of events which could lead to a situation in which harm or damage does occur.  
Example of an incident:  A 50 lb carton falls off the top shelf of a 12’ high rack and lands near a worker.  This event is unplanned, unwanted, and has the potential for injury

What is an Accident ?

Any undesired, unplanned event arising out of employment which results in physical injury or damage to property, or the possibility of such injury or damage.

“Near miss” situations must also be addressed - events which did not result in injury or damage but had the potential to do so.

When Ergonomics are improved in the workplace:

·         Be aware of your hobbies away from work.

·         We work smarter, not harder.

·         Quality, comfort and safety make us more productive and happy people.

·         Stay Healthy and Safe, Take action!!!

What you can do to prevent injury.

·         Develop an Ergonomics program.

·         Take proper breaks.

·         Health and Fitness.

·         Be aware of your hobbies away from work.

Industrial Ergonomics

l  By applying ergonomic principles in industrial settings, a safer, healthier and more productive work environment can be developed

·         Employees and employers need to know how to minimize risk factors by choosing the best tools and work techniques for a given task

Office Ergonomics

l  By applying ergonomic principles to the office setting, risk factors are minimized, productivity is increased, and overall workplace quality is improved.

l  The workstation must be adjusted to promote a neutral position while a person works.

l  When adjusting a workstation, keep in mind that all of the equipment interacts. Making one adjustment may alter another.

   

Common types of MSD’s

l  Tendonitis

l  Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

l  Tennis Elbow

l  Neck and Back injuries

l  Strains/Sprains

l  Bursitis

l  Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

l  Trigger finger

Ergonomic related injuries

l  May be called:

l  CTD’s (cumulative trauma disorders)

l  RSI’s (repetitive stress injuries)

l  RMI’s (repetitive motion injuries)

l  Which are all considered:

l  MSD’s (musculoskeletal disorders)

MSD’s can affect muscles, tendons, nerves, joints and spinal disks.

The benefits of an ergonomic program

l  Decreased injuries,illnesses, and workers’ compensation costs.

l  Increased efficiency at work.

l  Increased physical well being.

l  Decreased absenteeism and turnover.

l  Increase in employee morale.

Facts

• The average person working at a keyboard can perform 50,000 to 200,000 keystrokes a day

•    Overexertion, falls  & RMI are the most common cause of workplace injury

•    An average of 125,000 back injuries due to improper lifting each year.

•     Muscles overuse results in tiny tears in the muscles and scarring; these contribute to inflammation and muscle stiffness

3 Main Ergonomic Principles

1.Work activities should permit worker to adopt several different healthy and safe postures.

2.Muscle forces should be done by the largest appropriate muscle groups available

3.Work activities s/b performed with joints at about mid-point of their ROM (esp. head,trunk,UE)1

History

The word Ergonomics comes from the Greek words “Ergos”--(work) and “Namos”-- (natural law).

Objectives Of Ergonomics

Provide basic training regarding the identification, evaluation, and control of ergonomic exposures and hazards.

What is Ergonomics?

Ergonomics is the science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of employees

l  Ergonomic principles are used to improve the “fit” between the worker and the workplace.

l  A practical approach to Ergonomics considers the match between the person, the equipment they use the work processes and the work environment.