PRIORITY OF CASUALTIES

•         Save the conscious casualties before the unconscious ones as they have a higher chance of recovery.

•         Save the young before the old.

•         Do not jeopardize your own life while rendering First Aid. In the event of immediate danger, get out of site immediately.

•         Remember: One of your aims is to preserve life, and not endanger your own in the process of rendering First Aid.

FIRST AID

First Aid is the initial assistance or treatment

given to a casualty for any injury or sudden

illness before the arrival of an ambulance,

doctor, or other qualified personnel

AIMS OF FIRST AID

•         Preserve life

•          Prevent the casualty’s condition from becoming   worse

•          Promote recovery

Continue...

n  Isolation - Separate the hazard from people, by marking the hazardous area, fitting screens or putting up safety barriers. (e.g. Welding screens can be used to isolate welding operations from other workers. Barriers and/or boundary lines can be used to separate areas where forklifts operate near pedestrians in the workplace.)

n  Safeguards - Safeguards can be added by modifying tools or equipment, or fitting guards to machinery. These must never be removed or disabled by workers using the equipment.

n  Instructing workers in the safest way to do something - This means developing and enforcing safe work procedures. Students on work experience must be given information and instruction and must follow agreed procedures to ensure their safety.

Using personal protective equipment and clothing (PPE) - If risks remain after the options have been tried, it may be necessary to use equipment such as safety glasses, gloves, helmets and ear muffs. PPE can protect you from hazards associated with jobs such as handling chemicals or working in a noisy environment

Make the changes

Key Point

It is your employer's responsibility to fix hazards. Sometimes you may be able to fix simple hazards yourself, as long as you don't put yourself or others at risk. For example, you can pick up things from the floor and put them away to eliminate a trip hazard.

Classification & Potential Sources of Hazards

 Classification            Example of Hazards

•         Mechanical   - Sharp points & edges, overload.

•         Electrical      - Insulation damaged or cover broken

•         Biological     - Exposed, airborne/blood borne     

•                                 microorganism. 

•         Chemical      - Expose to carcinogens chemical

•         Ergonomics   - Expose to unnatural postures

                Psychological- Stress or violent at workplace.

Definition

•          Hazard

             A source or a situation with a potential for harm to humans, property and damage of    environment or a combination of these.

•          Danger

                Relative exposure to hazard.

•          Risk

                A combination of likelihood of occurrence and severity of injury or damage.

Case Study 1 (10%)

CASE STUDY 1  JUNE 2011

At a manufacturing facility, injury and absenteeism rates were high, housekeeping was poor, and employee-management trust levels were low. The company was on the verge of closing the facility. As a last resort, a new management team was installed. The new team wanted to show employees they cared about safety, but were not sure on the leadership behaviors that would create the desired impact.

Develop a solution, step to be taken to overcome the injury and absenteeism rates, the poor housekeeping and to handle the trust level.

You may use a suitable solution based on the lecture notes and presentation OR any other alternative.

OSH Case Study

What is case study?

Case studies are real examples which show the steps that have been taken to solve health and safety (OSH) problems. They may also be examples of campaigns or other activities that have taken place to promote OSH and help solve problems at workplaces.  They are published to illustrate that action can be taken, and that solutions do exist to many OSH challenges and that these solutions may be transferable to other workplaces.

Risk Assesment and Risk Control

Actions & Recommendations
  

EL-          Eliminate

SL-          Substitute

IS-           Isolation

EC-         Engineering Control

AC -        Administration Control

PPE-     Personal Protection Equipment

Example of OSH quiz

AW101 OCCUPATIONAL  SAFETY AND HEALTH

QUIZ 3 December 2010

NAME:……………………………………………………………………………..  REG.NUMBER:…………………………… CLASS:………………………               Total : 15Marks

Section 1. First Aid

1. The aims of first aid are to:

a)   Preserve life

b)   …………………………………………….

C)   …………………………………………….

d)    …………………………………………….                                                        (3marks)

Section 2. Fundamental of accident causes

2. There are:

a) Unsafe…………………………..

b) Unsafe…………………………..

                                                                                                         (2marks)

Section 3. Accident

3.   State FIVE theories of accident causation:

a)   ………………………

b)   ………………………

c)   ………………………

d)   ......................

e)   ……………………….                                                                      (5Marks)

Section 4.  Accident.

4.    Give one example accident type regarding to the  work injuries.

a)   …………………………………………………                                             (1Marks)

Section 5. Hazards

5.   List Four type of Occupational and Safety Hazards.

a)………………………………….

b)………………………………….

c)………………………………….

d)…………………………………                                                             (4marks)

Example of OSH Quiz

AW101 OCCUPATIONAL  SAFETY AND HEALTH

QUIZ 2 December 2010

NAME:……………………………………………………………………………..  REG.NUMBER:…………………………… CLASS:………………………               Total : 15Marks

Section 1. Ergonomics.

1.   Define ergonomic:

...........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................     3Marks

Section 2. Ergonomics related injury.

Define the terms below:

RSIs:...........................................................................................................

RMIs:.............................................................................................  4Marks

2.   State two benefits of an ergonomics program:

a)   …………………………………………………………………………………………………….

b)   ………………………………………………………………………… …………………………. 4Marks

Section 3. Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)

3.   State two example of PPE’s.

a)   ………………………………………………………………

b)   ………………………………………………………………                                     2Marks

Section 4. Correct the environment:  

4.   State two steps how to correct the work enviroment

a)   …………………………………………………….

b)   …………………………………………………….                            2Marks             

Example of OSH Quiz

AW101 OCCUPATIONAL  SAFETY AND HEALTH

QUIZ 1 DECEMBER 2010

NAME:……………………………………………………………………………..  REG.NUMBER:…………………………… CLASS:………………………               Total : 15Marks

Section 1. Duties of Employers.

1.   The law requires employers to provide and maintain:

a)................................................

b)................................................

c).................................................                                              3Marks

Section 2. Safety Terminology

2.   State FOUR term of safety terminologies:

a)…………………..

b)…………………..

c)…………………..

d)…………………..                                                     4Marks

Section 3. SAFETY TRAINING NEEDS.

3.   State THREE :

a)………………….

b)………………….

c)…………………..                                                               3Marks

Section 4. Safety and Health Committee     

4.   Every employer shall establish a safety and health committee at the place of work. Under what Regulation and Section?

a)…………………………………………….                                   1Mark

Section5.Safety and Health Committee

5.   A safety and health committee must consist of …………………..,

…………………………, representatives of ……………….. and representatives of ……………………...                                                               4Marks

Risk Control

® Risk reduction

®When risk reduction is required, risk control activities shall be performed.

® Risk control option analysis

®The manufacturer shall identify risk control measure(s) that are appropriate for reducing the risk(s) to an acceptable level.

How To Assess Risk

     1) Look for the Hazards

     2) Decide who might be harmed & how

     3) Evaluate the risk and check what is 

         done to prevent it from happening

     4) Record finding

     5) Review assessment and revise it if necessary

HAZARDS

TYPES OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS

A.      Physical

B.      Chemical

C.      Biological

D.      Mechanical

E.     Psychosocial 

Fundamental Accident Causes

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Conditions

Both

“Not necessarily a ‘chance’ event”

What Is An Incident?

An unplanned and unwanted event which disrupts the work process and has the potential of resulting in injury, harm, or damage to persons or property.

An incident may disrupt the work process, but does not result in injury or damage. It should be looked as a “wake up call”.  It can be thought of as the first of a series of events which could lead to a situation in which harm or damage does occur.  
Example of an incident:  A 50 lb carton falls off the top shelf of a 12’ high rack and lands near a worker.  This event is unplanned, unwanted, and has the potential for injury

What is an Accident ?

Any undesired, unplanned event arising out of employment which results in physical injury or damage to property, or the possibility of such injury or damage.

“Near miss” situations must also be addressed - events which did not result in injury or damage but had the potential to do so.

When Ergonomics are improved in the workplace:

·         Be aware of your hobbies away from work.

·         We work smarter, not harder.

·         Quality, comfort and safety make us more productive and happy people.

·         Stay Healthy and Safe, Take action!!!